Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Jože Duhovnik
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Keynote: Golden loop inside the design methodology for total production engineering
Time : 09:55-10:30
Biography:
Jože Duhovnik is a Professor in University of Ljubljana and he has established LECAD Laboratory. He has many lectures in Universities around EU and USA and has more than 600 professional projects around the world. He has more than 200 publications and 12 books about the design and CAD Technik.
Abstract:
Production engineering can come on highest level of productivity if in the whole process involved in very beginning time Research-development and designing phase. One of the known methodologies is golden loop, which was present firstly on TU Delft on 2002. Later was developed in LECAD on the University of Ljubljana. Laboratory LECAD was known about fully cooperation with the industry and novelties of the product. In paper will be present first loop where the problem recognition was performed. The second loop is important for team consolidation and clearing the problems at all. On the third loop, we find out the function capability according the request. Finally, in the golden loop we proposed the detail design with high level of detail searching. With that golden loop the product, become visible in good prepared for production and especially for total production engineering. With some example as e-drive bicycle, it is we as if present few interesting details, which can be improved if we used golden loop methodology in the whole process.
Keynote Forum
Michal Krzyzanowski
Birmingham City University, UK
Keynote: Towards design and manufacturing of biomedical implants with biological fixation: Development of an integrated numerical model
Time : 10:30-11:05
Biography:
Michal Krzyzanowski is currently a Professor of Engineering and Materials Science at Birmingham City University, UK. He has served and is currently on many International Conference Scientific/Executive Committees and is also a Fellow Member of the Institute of Materials and Mining, UK. He has co-authored of over 150 publications including one book, research monograph and several book chapters. His current research interests include also processing of nanocrystallized multilayered metallic structures and development of physically based modelling methodologies for investigation of multiphysical phenomena in additive manufacturing.
Abstract:
In recent years, orthopaedic implant research has been driven by biological fixation. In this type of fixation, a layer of biologically active material on the implant surface generates interfacial bonding between the implant and bone. The presence of bio-active material with appropriate level of porosity and crystallinity influences host bone regeneration by creating an environment allowing for cell spreading, proliferation and subsequent bone formation integrating the implant into the body. Their clinical applications are limited to non-load bearing implants due to brittleness and relatively poor mechanical properties. Multilayered coating of a mechanically tough substrate is an alternative route to reduce the risk of early implant failure. Faster and cheaper fabrication of such implants is expected with laser-assisted densification of multiple materials via additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The process is being developed to fabricate implants made of multiple materials in one operation without part-specific tooling and human intervention. Such implants having increased longevity provide more secure fixation using tailored properties, which cannot be achieved by conventional manufacturing techniques. There are many factors that can influence a laser assisted AM of the implants reflecting in enhancement of their biological fixation. There appears to be no clear understanding of the cooperative relationships between different physical phenomena taking place in the manufacturing process on different scales of consideration. There is also lack of mathematical models, which could predict and link them with the macro- response of the multi-layered structures. This lack of relevant knowledge is the serious obstacle on the way towards reliable manufacturing and successful clinical use of such multi-layered implants made by AM methods. The paper presents resent advances on development of an integrated model including specific mechanical, optical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, metallurgical and chemical phenomena taking place in the laser-assisted multi-material AM. Most importantly, the development of such multiscale numerical model, which can support the design and manufacture of such novel implants, is multidisciplinary enterprise involving material design, implant design and fabrication, biological and clinical assessment among others. An establishment of an appropriate platform for cooperation between relevant institutions including universities, hospitals and enterprises to facilitate research, development, preclinical and clinical studies is crucial.
Keynote Forum
Josep M Bergada
ESEIAAT-UPC, Spain
Keynote: Fluidic oscillators for active flow control applications
Biography:
Josep M Bergada pursued his PhD in Mechanical Engineering (1996) from University Polytechnic of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain. He is currently an Associate Professor in Fluid Mechanics Department at UPC. He has published more than 18 key-papers in reputed journals and over 55 papers in international conferences. He is also serving as an Editorial Board Member of a reputed SCI journal and has reviewed over 250 papers from more than 15 SCI journals. His books on fluid mechanics is gaining international relevance. His research interest include: active flow control, piston pumps, tribology, compressible flow, CFD etc.
Abstract:
Active flow control (AFC) applications are increasing every day, the use of (AFC) technologies allows, among other applications, reducing drag forces in bluff bodies, increasing lift in airfoils reducing cavity noise and enhancing mixing in combustion chambers. There exist several (AFC) methodologies to modify the boundary layer thickness and its separation point in a given bluff body, all of them being based on the use of slots, grooves, or holes, through which fluid is injected or sucked. The use of constant blowing, constant sucking or periodic forcing, are the three common methods to interact with the boundary layer. Periodic forcing appears to be the most efficient one regarding the energy requirements, yet for each application it is necessary to employ a particular pulsation frequency and amplitude. Among the different devices used to generate pulsating flow, the most common ones are the zero net mass flow actuators (ZNMFA), also called synthetic jets and the fluidic oscillators (FO). The main advantage of (FO) versus (ZNMFA), resides in the lack of moving parts, which a priory gives confidence regarding its reliability. In the present paper one of the most common configurations of (FO) will be carefully analyzed via using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The origin of the fluctuations, based on the Coanda effect, will be studied, the relation incoming flow-outgoing frequency and amplitude as a function of the Reynolds number shall be clarified, a parametric analysis is also to be performed in order to understand the effect of the different internal dimensions on the (FO) overall performance. The advantage of the present paper versus previous publications, see for example resides in the evaluation of the momentum acting on the jet entering the mixing chamber.
Keynote Forum
Monique Calvo Dahlborg
University Rouen Normandy - CNRS, France
Keynote: Design of multi-major-component (high entropy) alloys of suitable magnetic and mechanical properties based on a Hume-Rothery approach
Time : 11:55-12:30
Biography:
Monique Calvo Dahlborg completed her PhD in the year 1985 from Caen University, France. She is CNRS Senior Scientist at University of Rouen Normandy (France) and Honorary Research Fellow of Swansea University (UK). She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and more than 45 in proceedings with reviewing procedure. She has expertise in rapid solidification, disordered metallic systems and high entropy alloys and has contributed to many international research projects.
Abstract:
Multi major component alloys (also called high entropy alloys (HEAs)) appeared around 2004. They are based on 4 or more elements in close to equimolar composition. The equal footing of each element on solidification leads to an interesting new metallurgy providing materials with promising properties. The design of HEAs is thus a challenge to improve traditional compositions with possibly cheaper or greener components. The present work reports a strategy for the design of HEAs with suitable magnetic and mechanical properties based on a Hume-Rothery approach, namely on the calculation of the number of itinerant valence electrons and the average atomic radius for 12 atoms neighborhood. Prediction algorithms based on self-ordering maps permit to improve the composition choice.
Keynote Forum
Adam M. Philo
Swansea University, UK
Keynote: The crucible method: A new technique of generating process maps for laser powder-bed fusion
Biography:
Adam M. Philo is a Post-Doctoral Research Assistant in the College of Engineering at Swansea University. He has a background in Aerospace Engineering and Mathematics and hold an Engineering Doctorate which was completed with Renishaw’s Additive Manufacturing Products Division. His research interests are predominately in the field of computational modelling of the laser powder bed fusion process. These are multiscale and multi-physical in nature and involve a variety of fluidic, thermal and structural analyses.
Abstract:
Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process fusing metal powder layer-by-layer to form complex 3D components. LPBF is seen as a rapid evolution of machine design (more and higher power lasers, improved laser control and build preparation software) giving increased density of built parts, better inter- and intra-build repeatability, all leading to better mechanical properties. The traditional method to create process maps via post-mortem examination of solidified single line tracks aims to understand how the laser interacts with the powder to form single line tracks directly onto a baseplate. Control of process parameters such as speed, power and beam diameter are integral to choosing optimal laser penetration whilst avoiding evaporation, keyhole melting or balling defects. This method is limited as the substrate may be of a similar composition but microstructurally dissimilar and controlling additional parameters such as the powder layer thickness is difficult. A new crucible method is described and compared to the traditional method using Ti-6Al-4V and 316L with advantages, which include: i) high-throughput, high-quality topographical and cross-sectional metallography to be easily obtained. ii) tracks to be built in-situ on a previously deposited substrate is more representative of the process at all layers. iii) tight control on the powder depth and additional parameters. The crucible method predicted a much less severe transition between conductive and keyhole modes of melting than direct deposition of single tracks onto a baseplate, with shallower re-melting of lower layers. The crucible method also predicted a more forgiving transition between continuous and discontinuous tracks.
- Design Engineering | Industrial Design | Manufacturing Process | Materials Science | Mechatronics Robots Applications of Automation | Human Robot Interaction | Control Systems
Location: Bolshoi
Chair
Jose M Pardor Gortor
The University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain
Co-Chair
Stephen G R Brown
Swansea University, UK
Session Introduction
Edith Bianchi
Business Development & International Sales Manager, Israel
Title: S2T (Skin-to-Thing) solutions for design & engineering R & D: what wearable device developers must consider for their IoMT device?
Biography:
Edith Bianchi has her background combining both clinical record as a Clinical Research Associate and Registered Nurse with CICU (Cardiac Intensive Care Unit) experience, as well as strong business management orientation with an MBA Degree from University of Derby (UK). She is a Senior Global Business Development Expert, specializing in the medical device industry – specifically in digital health and wearable applications. She has a long track international record in medical device firms and is a key person in few meaningful strategic cooperations between major global players in the industry. She has coined the term S2T (Skin To Thing) and continuously promotes patient's and users' human factors.
Abstract:
The internet of things (IoT) is allowing collected data from "things" to be connected to the cloud, where artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to identify trends and enable decisions to be made accordingly. This platform has been integrated into the medical field and is known as the internet of medical things (IoMT). This shift can potentially transform medical field as we know it today. By using this platform, we can generate and analyze the collected medical data in a way that was not possible otherwise. This holds a tremendous value to improve patient personalized care. It also carries the potential of creating an efficient way of health monitoring, promoting wellbeing, allowing real-time interventions, progress treatment and adherence and improving the management of chronic disease. IoMT devices are often presented in a concept of a wearable device and mobile healthcare applications. These devices are enabling and enhancing possibilities of home-care as well as access to medical experts anywhere. In a world with aging population and massive health expenditures, IoMT may be the very desired mean to cope with many of the challenges. Analysts are estimating the IoMT market to continue its growth trend and simultaneously the worldwide wearables market continued its upward trajectory. The starting point of every wearable medical device is always the patient. Whether it is a monitoring device, a diagnostic system, a drug delivery infusion pump or a nerve stimulation tool - in most cases the device would be attached to the skin. The patient's "Skin" interface to the "Thing", has been described in the term S2T (Skin-to-Thing). This crucial element is often overlooked by medical device developers, left for a later stage of design although at times, it may be the determining factor of implementation of the entire device or technology. Most of the focus of IoMT is rightfully directed to the device itself, to the computing and cloud technologies, to the electronics and to the gateways apps of the data. Yet, engineering teams must be aware of S2T and assume responsibility to understand its challenges and acquire the necessary expertise that is required for their specific skin-to-thing solution. The intended wearing location, duration, target population and many other considerations, should dictate the solution, its components and design. Indeed, engineering teams are becoming more and more familiar with factors that are critical to S2T ("Skin to Thing") required solution and its challenges to adhere the device to the patient's skin. Challenges such as biocompatibility and regulation requirements, the possible material interactions due to manufacturing technologies and comfortability to the end user – these aspects of body/machine interface should be given their deserved attention in order to assure the successful usage and benefits of current technological breakthrough is medical device, fitness, healthcare & pharmaceuticals industries.
Ali Kanso
Zentrum für Mechatronik und Automatisierungstechnik gemeinnützige, Germany
Title: Position and orientation calibration of a 2D laser line sensor using closed form least-squares solution
Biography:
Ali Kanso is a Scientific Researcher at ZeMA. His activities cover different fields in the frame of automation and handling devices. These are analysis and optimization of handling device, calibration of the robot kinematic chain and deployment of sensitive robots in the production.
Abstract:
Laser line sensors are used for inspection, positioning and scanning of 3D objects. They are often mounted on the flange of an industrial robot. The laser line sensor provides 2D measurement values in the x and z direction with respect to the sensor coordinate frame. In order to transform the measured values into the robot coordinate frame and therefore expand the 2D measured values into 3D coordinates, the position and orientation of the sensor coordinate frame with respect to the flange coordinate system must be determined by solving a kinematic equation in terms of transformation matrices. This article provides a complete solution for solving this problem. A unique solution is derived based on the separable closed-form solution after two movements of the robot flange under satisfying constraints. Robotic applications are usually implemented with the presence of noise. Therefore, a least squares solution is determined after performing several measurements. Finally the calibrated laser line sensor is integrated in combination with a process tool into a semi-automated assembly process in aircraft production. In the assembly of the aft section of the aircraft the pressure bulk head must be mounted through a riveting process to the section barrel. Using skills of humans and robots the riveting process can be performed precisely in human robot collaboration.
Fang Bin Guo
Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Title: Shifting product design from technology driven to user centre design
Biography:
Abstract:
Traditional industrial design is about functions and forms. Designers placed great emphasis on forms and aesthetics. However, technology innovation has shifted industrial design from the stage of technology driven to user centered design driven, this is also due to the functions of products are increasingly complex to interact, i.e. electrical/computers devices, mobile phones and multifunctional products. So that industrial design now emphasizes on bettering user experience. Don Norman defines user centered design as all aspects of the person’s experience with the system including the interface, the physical interaction and the manual. Technology revolution results in products are getting more complex, in particular those of multimodality interfaces include car dashboard and aircraft cockpits that displayed a number of information such as engine temperature, fuels level, speed etc. That challenges the user to recognize/understand the information. Human factor is the scientific discipline that concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system. The knowledge, in particular product semantics is a language that helps people to understand and interact with products easily and efficiently. Designers rely on this language to communicate with users; to express functions, reliabilities and characters through forms, material/textures and semiotics. This paper discusses user centered design and human factors knowledge, in particular product semantics and its application in product design; and reviewing a curriculum developed particularly focuses on user centered design within a BSc product design engineering programme.
Alec Burns
University of Liverpool, UK
Title: Precision material deposition via a mobile rover for disaster scenarios
Biography:
Alec John Burns received his bachelor’s degree in Aerospace Engineering in 2016 from the University of Liverpool. From June 2015 to August 2015 he was a Research Assistant on a joint project between the Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences and the Engineering Department at the University of Liverpool, working on fluid flow analysis for magma chambers. Currently he is pursuing his PhD at the University of Liverpool. His fields of interest include sensing, robotics and autonomous systems.
Abstract:
The most dangerous hazards in the aftermath of environmental disasters are typically linked to the damage that has occurred to structures. A material extrusion device capable of traversing highly irregular terrain, able to operate in hazardous or difficult to reach locations, and repair damage would largely mitigate many of the risks for survivors and relief workers. In this work, we propose a platform capable of tackling such challenge: a mobile tracked rover (MTR) that can travel on difficult terrains and deposit material where needed. The ability to deposit self-expanding material allows the MTR to achieve real-time climbing by creating its own support to overcome obstacles or bridge gaps. The proposed platform is also capable of depositing material accurately to perform effective damaged-structure reinforcement. Targeted material deposition has been implemented with multiple materials and this platform has been tested for applications to disaster scenarios. One such material is polyurethane foam, which allows easy deposition, expansion and solidification in fast enough time to enable the MTR to use it as a real-time support for climbing. The amount of foam deposited can be controlled and multiple layers can be stacked on top of each other to significantly increase altitude. The high compressive strength of the solidified polyurethane foam is sufficient for temporary support structures, or structural reinforcement allowing the MTR to operate in support of disaster relief workers. The MTR is also capable of depositing clay alongside polyurethane foam, making it able to repair damaged masonry and thus further improving its usefulness in more general maintenance and repair scenarios.
Harison Wara Che
City Chemist Roundabout, Cameroon
Title: Food security and nutrition trends in West Africa challenges and the way forward
Biography:
Harison Wara Che passionate about sustainable Development, Food security/processing, safety indigenous, Good living philosophies Environmental sustainability, Research theory and methodologies. His food philosophy is certainly called from years of experience in the industry and many adventures travelling, dining and meeting amazing people. However, it can undoubtedly be distilled to a concept I learned from the chef I truly confider my mentor Mike. While working in the industries in Cameroon my country of Birth I learned what is means to approach food with the mindset of a culinary anthropologist “and while working at the USA Army camp in Kandahar Afghanistan in a company called Supreme Group global food service his respect understand and appreciate the culinary tradon that underlie any particular foodstuff product or dish, Know how that ingredient is used in it indigenous form, then use that knowledge to apply it to whatever style or method suit you and joining organization that fight food was my biggest dream .
Abstract:
West Africa has experienced very little progress in reducing food insecurity and child malnutrition in the past 20 years. Approximately, one third of children under five years of age are stunted, and 5-15 percent is wasted. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly lack of vitamin A, iron and iodine, affect mainly women and children and contribute to some of the highest rates of child mortality in the world. Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in some urban populations with negative implications for chronic non-communicable diseases. The causes of malnutrition and food insecurity are complex and include the agro-ecological, socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the sub-region. Rising incomes, rapid population growth especially in urban areas, desertification, as well as HIV/AIDS affect the food system. Changes in diets and lifestyles especially in urban settings involve a shift from the consumption of traditional staples to imported cereals (wheat and rice). Although food availability has generally improved in the sub- region, the dietary energy and protein supplies are still below requirements and unstable, especially in Sahel countries. The nutritional quality of local diets remains low for most people and access to adequate food is not always secure for the poor. Besides the need to diversify and increase food production and productivity, increased support is needed for appropriate food storage, processing, and preservation techniques at community and industrial level, and better distribution and marketing. Technologies, such as fortification and plant breeding, are increasingly relevant within a comprehensive food-based strategy. Nutrition education is a complementary activity for ensuring the effectiveness of food-based approaches. Based on a review of lessons learned from food-based interventions implemented by FAO and other development partners, this paper addresses some of the major issues, challenges and opportunities involved in fulfilling the pledge of West African countries to meet the goal of reducing malnutrition by 50 percent.
Samir Ladaci
National Polytechnic School of Constantine, Algeria
Title: Fractional order cruise control strategies for an electric vehicle
Biography:
Samir Ladaci has graduated in Automatics Engineer from the National Polytechnic School of Algiers in 1995 and received his Magister degree from Annaba University, Algeria, 1999. He obtained his PhD and HDR degrees from Mentouri University of Constantine, Algeria in 2007 and 2009 respectively. He is a Full Professor with the National Polytechnic School of Constantine and the Head of Control Research Team at the SP-Lab Laboratory, Constantine. He has more than 110 publications and supervises many PhD theses. His current research interests include fractional order systems and control, fractional adaptive control, robust control, systems identification and nonlinear control systems.
Abstract:
Fractional order controllers are gathering more and more interests from the control community for their ability to enhance the system control quality performances and robustness. In this work we are investigating different fractional order control strategies for the cruise control of an electrical vehicle. We will use a fractional order model reference adaptive control (FOMRAC) algorithm, an optimized fractional order PID controller (FOPID) and a fractional order high gain controller to improve the vehicle behavior in presence of disturbances and uncertainties. We introduce new tuning parameters for the closed-loop system performance improvement. A numerical simulation of an application study for cruise control of an electric car is proposed. Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular these days and automobile manufacturers are introducing various types of EVs in the market. The main advantages of EVs are the emission elimination, low operating cost, high efficiency, simplicity and superior controllability over the power train. The EV power train consists of an electric motor, single or double speed transmission and the final drive unit. Our fractional adaptive control algorithm is applied to the cruise control of a DC motor driven electric vehicle. This system is developed for driving with constant speed on long stretched roads. We show through computer simulations that it is able to compensate the disturbances from the road grade and changes in the vehicle weight. The results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
- Design Engineering | Industrial Design | Manufacturing Process | Materials Science | Mechatronics Robots Applications of Automation | Human Robot Interaction | Control Systems
Location: Scala
Chair
Jose M Pardor Gortor
The University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain
Co-Chair
Michal Krzyzanowski
Birmingham City University, UK
Session Introduction
Johanna Ender
Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Title: Design of an intelligent workplace system for human-machine-interaction in the digitized industry
Biography:
Johanna Ender passed her graduation as a Diploma Designer (FH) for Product Design (2017) with distinction from the Hochschule Wismar University of Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Design. She has started her international and interdisciplinary PhD research in June 2017 at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology of Liverpool John Moores University in cooperation with the Hochschule Wismar University. She received the Gottlob Frege Price 2017 for her final thesis, which was developed in cooperation with the Fraunhofer IGP, Rostock (Germany). A study project about a robot integration into a kitchen furniture was awarded with the Anja Schaible Price 2017 at the Living Kitchen (event), Cologne (Germany). She spent a pre-study practical in Tasmania. While studying, she developed a patent for a household appliance (DE 102015210996A1) for the Corporate Brand Siemens/Design of the BSH Hausgeräte GmbH within an internship. For her work as a designer, she was awarded as German Design Award Nominee 2018.
Abstract:
Modern industry workplaces include operators working intensely using computers, robots and autonomously operating machines. Tasks including human-machine interaction (HMI) are increasingly integrated into the work process. The work ranges of robots and operators in manual assembly and maintenance are progressively fusing – the coexistence will move towards human-robot collaboration (HRC). Consequently, the higher dynamics of processes in the digitized industry include additional stress factors and offers new challenges: HMI can result in cognitive overload of the worker due to the interpretation of multiple signals and therefore lead to a high risk of exhaustion. Furthermore, there are strong barriers to working with a robot colleague. To increase the acceptance of HRC and to reduce the strain of the worker, user-centered needs have to be sufficiently considered. However, workplaces for HMI are widely developed from a technology-centric perspective. The design research will close this gap by developing a novel holistic method for the design of industrial workplaces. Accordingly, the study places great emphasis on understanding of human factors in terms of its physical, cognitive and organizational limitations and their applications to industrial design. The workbench system includes a novel interface directing working tasks to the worker within the networked plant. Derived from the existing Pick-by-Light framework – where operators are directed to particular stock areas via light signals – the approach, named Work-by-Light, utilizes light displays to support the operators solving particular working tasks in collaboration with a robot. In particular, areas of interaction, like the supply and removal of work pieces through the robot, are highlighted as well as instructions for the assembly are communicated. Light signals inside the surface of the table are reduced to the minimum of information to support the rapid processing of the instruction through the worker. Consequently, the intuitive utilization of the interface reduces strain in HRC. It will be exemplified how the system can support the worker during maintenance and manufacturing of airplanes. Therefore, explorative testing of a conceptual prototype by potential users is planned.
Tobias Masiak
Zentrum für Mechatronik und Automatisierungstechnik gemeinnützige, Germany
Title: Implementation of a human-machine-interaction control system in a human-robotcollaborative riveting process in aircraft assembly
Time : 14:25-14:45
Biography:
Abstract:
Assembly processes in aircraft production are difficult to automate due to technical risks. Examples of such technical challenges are small batch sizes, large product dimensions and limited work space. Full automation of complex processes is expensive as it requires much effort with respect to service and maintenance. A semi-automated process, utilizing human-robot-collaboration, is the most effective approach for optimizing aircraft production in relation to aircraft section assembly. In the assembly process of the aft section of aircrafts, the pressure bulk head is assembled with the section barrel using hundreds of rivets. This assembly process is a non-ergonomic and demanding task in which two people are working together collaboratively. Working conditions can be improved through collaboration between the operator and the robot system. The approach is based on the process requirements as well as dynamic and skill based task sharing between the operator and the robot. This is demonstrated by positioning a robot within section 19. The robot's task is to position the anvil tool, while the operator performs the more complex task of inserting the rivet and operating the riveting tool. An intuitive operating is implemented to increase operator acceptance and to enable interaction with production equipment. Within the framework of natural and intuitive human machine interaction, smart devices are integrated to control process specific production equipment. Graphical user interfaces in smart phones or smart watches and the integration of mixed reality technology offers new possibilities for visualization and assistance. The developed systems allow intuitive configuration and operation of the station using an open control concept and dynamic task sharing. The operator is therefore supported with a collaborative robot in combination with additional assistance systems in order to improve production quality and ergonomics during the riveting process. The results are part of the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme in the four by three projects at ZeMA.
Carmine Pirozzi
CIRA, Italy
Title: Study on porosity defects of EBMed Ti64 components by tomographic analysis
Biography:
Carmine Pirozzi graduated with Honors in Industrial Engineering in 2004 with a PhD in Systems and Technology of Production. He is a Researcher in additive manufacturing since 2011, involved in projects as HYPROB, TIMA-RITAM, ANGELA, SAT-AM as material science and additive manufacturing engineer specialist. He does cooperate with several research centers, universities and firms being authors of more than 10 scientific articles on specialized journals and conferences.
Abstract:
The electron beam melting (EBM) is one of the most promising ALM technologies, which utilizes a high-energy electron beam, as a moving heat source, in order to melt and fuse (by rapid self-cooling) metal powder and produce parts in a layer-building fashion. Anyway many technical aspects concerning the quality of EBM produced components are still industrial open items and studies need to be carried out. The objective of this study is to evaluate the distribution and the features of porosity defects generated during the EBM process by using tomographic analysis, at this aim a simple test case, consisting in rectangular parallelepiped (50x10x10 mm) samples manufactured in Ti6Al4V, was chosen. A suitable DOE was developed in order to investigate the effect of the following intra-build process parameters on porosity: Samples orientation: samples were built according to n.4 different orientations: x, y, z (90°) and 45°. The x and y oriented samples were built horizontally and they were, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the rake movement direction and the 90° oriented samples were built vertically. Height in the build chamber: the group of samples shown in 2b was built at n.3 different levels in the build chamber which are named hereafter: h1, h2 and h3. More in detail, h1 level starts at z=40 mm, h2 level starts at z=170 mm and h3 level starts at z=300 mm.
Zaheer Abbas
National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
Title: Design optimization of spot welds for optimal strength of structure
Biography:
Zaheer Abbas pursued his BE in Aerospace from College of Aeronautical Engineering at the National University of Engineering & Technology in 2010. He is currently pursuing MS in Aerospace Engineering from National University of Engineering & Technology.
Abstract:
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is particularly employed for high volume and rapid welding applications in automotive assembly process for joining multiple metal sheets and parts. The failure of spot welded joints are linked to several factors like, weld nugget size, edge distance, spacing between spot welds, sheet thickness, material properties of heat affected zone, residual stresses and material inhomogeneity. Finite element analysis (FEA) of multiple spot welded joints under tensile-shear load are investigated to attain optimum strength and desired factor of safety. The analysis shows that spacing between the adjacent spot welds, edge distance and thickness of the sheets are primary factors affecting the strength of the joints for a given material. The optimal edge distance increases the strength of the weld by providing clearance of spot welds from plate edge. The optimal spacing of spot welds is the thin line between the stress superimposition and supporting effect of spot welds. The variation of sheet thickness effects the strength of spot welds as the optimal edge distance changes with thickness. For asymmetric thickness of sheets, strength is defined by thinner sheet and for symmetric sheet edge optimal edge distance varies with thickness.
Grazvydas Kazokaitis
Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
Title: Spherical magnetic drive for attitude control on nano satellites
Biography:
Grazvydas Kazokaitis has experience in design and R&D fields developing small and precise mechanisms for ultra-fast laser beam control and machining apparatus. This experience allows providing solid foundation and knowledge creating possible solutions for laser beam orientation mechanisms between small units in space, attitude control and other control tasks.
Abstract:
Small satellites are great tools for various research and analysis tasks. They can work like standalone units or to be modular and combined together to the clusters. Depending on their missions and provided exercises, various orientation and positioning systems are needed. Attitude control systems can be with active or passive elements. Typically, these systems are driven by: gravitational forces, permanent or electromagnets, reactions wheels or thrusters. Small satellites have limited capabilities and many restrictions for size, composition, energy consumptions. Nowadays most popular systems consume significant amounts of energy, takes a lot of volume. As a possible option for alternative attitude control mechanism spherical magnetic drive was submitted. Spherical permanent magnet has stable dipole and when it orientates with the Earth’s magnetic field, attitude control can be achieved. This developed drive combines advantages of active and passive systems. The drive is fairly simple: permanent magnetic sphere is inserted between two ring-shaped piezoelectric actuators. Electrodes of the piezoelectric rings are divided into three equal sectors and are excited by separate harmonic signal. The out-of-plane bending and radial vibration modes of the piezoelectric rings are excited to obtain elliptical motion of the contacting points and rotate magnetic sphere about three axes. Amplitude and duration of the applied signal depends on rotation or motion trajectory of the sphere. In addition, it must be mentioned that actuator can be driven by burst type signal in order to achieve very high resolution. Using this technique, controlled movement of magnetic sphere is achieved. Numerical and experimental studies were performed to verify operating principle and output characteristics of the actuator. The aim of study was to investigate vibration modes of the piezoelectric actuators and identify resonance frequencies at which these piezoelectric actuators generate 3-DOF rotational motion of a spherical rotor with high resolution, determinate further development steps.